Journal or Consuhing and Clinical Psychology 2(Xl2

In a randomized clinical trial, 90 concerned significant others (CSOs) of treatment-refusing illicit drug users were assigned to either (a) community reinforcement and family training (CRAFT), which teaches behavior change skills: (b) CRAFT with additional group aftercare sessions after the completion of the individual sessions: or (c) AI-Anon and Nar-Anon facilitation therapy (AI-Nar FT). All protocols received 12 hr of manual-guided individual treatment. Follow-up rates for the CSOs were consistently at least 96%. The CRAFT conditions were significantly more effective than AI-Nar FT in engaging initially unmotivated drug users into treatment. CRAFT alone engaged 58.6%, CRAFT + aftercare engaged 76.7%, and AI-Nar FT engaged 29.0%. No CSO engaged a treatment-refusing loved one once individual sessions had been completed.